Autonomous Vehicle Parking Using Finite State Automata Information Technology Essay

Self-sufficient Vehicle Parking Using Finite State Automata Information Technology Essay Our venture depends on the self-ruling stopping utilizing limited state automata. The innovation of the self-sufficient leaving framework in which the lift, lifter and PC are associated in gathering to such an extent that every unit trade data as it require and afterward the framework ascertaining procedures of stacking and emptying a vehicle, giving the leaving ticket and afterward distinguishing the leaving ticket. The leaving framework incorporate a lift , lifter, PC, database for putting away vehicle number information and data information which just showcase that what number of vehicle are leaving in various floors and afterward lift load vehicle , leave in empty floor and emptied the vehicle individually and. The procedure of lift is to pick and lift the vehicle from ground to leaving territory and afterward back to it possesses position. The current development describes to an arrangement of controlling a self-ruling stopping framework and figuring a stopping expense and all the more primarily to a stopping control framework to which a PC, a control unit, a stopping ticket guarantor, and a stopping ticket recognizer are associated through a system for permitting any necessary data to be utilized among them. Portrayal of the Prior Art For the most part in a regular self-governing leaving framework, a vehicle is moved to an individual floor along raise path with utilization of a lift, and afterward left in particular parking spot with utilization of beds. In that framework, a charge adding machine and a stopping ticket guarantor are independently worked with the end goal that every activity of a stopping machine, a stopping ticket backer, and the expense mini-computer is performed independently. History The leaving of vehicles in the business focus of bigger urban areas of the world has progressively become a significant issue. Not exclusively is there inadequate accessible land for surface stopping however the significant expense of the land makes such an utilization financially infeasible. Furthermore, the conglomeration of a lot of vehicles causes traffic, natural, stylish, and contamination issues. The answer for find stopping offices in increasingly remote zones where land cost are lower is additionally not plausible on account of badly designed separations to zones of work and likely wellbeing and security issue To build enormous underground stopping office in these blocked focus city regions additionally make serious issue as a result of the significant expense of the guidance the huge number of underground utility experienced and the inescapable dissemination to existing administrations during the development time frame This perplexing circumstance shows that the utilization of little low volume underground stopping office with the capacity of the fitting inside the current infra structure would be exceptionally alluring. Not exclusively would be they have the option to be found advantageously to the drivers goal yet they additionally can possibly keep up the surface over the stopping office in a recreation center Different generators that request increasingly helpful, close or adjoining stopping arrangement incorporate places of business, lofts, lodgings and organizations where surface stopping would not meet the necessities by reason of limited land region, high land costs, badly designed access, security, and natural variables. In light of these requirements for elective and helpful stopping, the designing gathering tried to build an answer. They had recently tackled couples configuration challenges in the development business by using a methodology that remembered normalization and assortment decrease for request to lessen development expenses and time and to give more noteworthy shopper advantage. Their answer was independent stopping framework, a particular computerized stopping framework that could be introduced beneath or over the ground, alone or in rehash modules. This methodology gave the benefits of limiting burden, speeding up development time, and bringing down development cost. Its minimal territory allowed it to be worked in focus city territories, while staying away from the issues of obstruction with thick underground utilities and significant disturbances to these administrations. Presentation Self-ruling leaving is an independent vehicle arranging from a line of traffic into a leaving spot to perform equal leaving. The self-governing leaving plans to build up the simplicity and wellbeing of driving in controlled circumstances where much consideration and information is required to guide the vehicle. The stopping plan is accomplished by methods for synchronized control of the controlling point and speed which considers the genuine situation in the earth to ensure impact free movement inside the accessible space. Or on the other hand The computerized vehicle leaving framework for a leaving office that be in handle with a vehicle drawing closer or leaving the office with RF signals, or something like that, that recognize the vehicle and sends the vehicle ID number, time of day, and path number to a focal PC for figuring the leaving cost dependent on rates for every individual vehicle put away in the PC. [7] Transformative FUNCTIONAL TEST OF THE AUTONOMOUS PARKING SYSTEM THE AUTONOMOUS PARKING SYSTEM As a car producer, DaimlerChrysler is persistently growing new frameworks so as to improve vehicle wellbeing, quality, and solace. Inside this specific situation, prototypical vehicle frameworks are created, which bolster self-governing vehicle leaving a capacity that may be acquainted with the market in certain years time. The independent stopping frameworks respected in this paper are proposed to computerize stopping lengthways into a parking spot, as appeared in Fig.1. For this reason, the vehicle is furnished with natural sensors, which register objects encompassing the vehicle. On going along, the framework can perceive adequately huge parking spots and can motion toward the driver that a parking spot has been found. On the off chance that the driver chooses to leave in the vehicle can do this consequently. Fig 1: Functionality of Autonomous Parking System [1] In Fig.2 the framework condition for the self-governing stopping framework is appeared. The sources of info are sensor information, which contain data on the condition of the vehicle, for example vehicle speed or directing position, and data from the natural sensors, which register questions on the left and right hand side of the vehicle. For yield the framework has an interface to the vehicle entertainers, where the vehicles speed and guiding point will be set. The inside structure of the self-governing stopping Fig 2: System Environment-[2] The parking spot discovery forms the information from the ecological sensor frameworks and conveys the perceived geometry of a parking spot in the event that it has been distinguished to be adequately enormous. The leaving controller segment utilizes the geometry information of the parking spot along with the information from the vehicle sensors to guide the vehicle through the leaving technique. For this reason, speed and directing point are set for the vehicle entertainers. Fig 3: Subcomponents of Autonomous Parking System [3] A few proposition for taking care of stopping issues A decent choice is to be fabricated mechanized leaving frameworks for vehicles ideally served by stacker cranes (see fig 4), that are the fundamental component of the computerized stockroom structures. Fig 4: [4] Brief Description about FINITE STATE AUTOMATA Limited State Automata A limited state transducer whose yield segments are disregarded is known as a limited state machine. Officially, aâ finite-state automaton M is a tuple , where Q,â , q0, and F are characterized with respect to limited state transducers, and the change tableâ â is a connection from Q ÃÆ'-( â {}) to Q. Sorts of Finite State Automata 1. DFA 2. NFA What is NFA? In the hypothesis of calculation, nondeterministic limited robot (NFA) is aâ finite state machineâ where for each pair of state and info image there might be a few potential next states. This recognizes it from theâ deterministic limited automaton (DFA), where the following conceivable state is interestingly decided. In spite of the fact that the DFA and NFA have particular definitions, it might be appeared in the proper hypothesis that they are identical, in that, for any given NFA, one may develop a proportionate DFA, and the other way around: this is theâ power set development. The two sorts of automata perceive onlyâ regular dialects. Non-deterministic limited state machines are some of the time concentrated by the nameâ sub movements of limited sort. Non-deterministic limited state machines are summed up byâ probabilistic automata, which dole out a likelihood to each state change. Formal Definition Two comparable sorts of NFAs are generally characterized: the NFA and the NFA with Þâ µ-moves. The standard NFA is characterized as aâ 5-tuple, (Q, ÃŽÂ £, T, q0, F), comprising of a finiteâ setâ of states Q a limited set ofâ input symbolsâ ãžâ £ a transition function T : Q ÃÆ'-Þâ £ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ’ P(Q). anâ initialâ (orâ start) state q0 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‹â€ Ã‚ Q a lot of states F distinguished as accepting (or final) states F à ¢Ã… † Q. What is DFA? In theâ theory of calculation, aâ deterministic limited state machine-likewise known asâ deterministic limited state automaton (DFSA) is aâ finite state machineâ where for each pair of state and info image there is one and only one progress to a next state, rather than aâ nondeterministic limited state machine, which has the chance of numerous changes . DFAs perceive the set ofâ regular languagesâ and no different dialects. A DFA will take in a string of information images. For each info image it will at that point progress to a state given by following a change work. At the point when the last info image has been gotten it will either acknowledge or dismiss the string contingent upon whether the DFA is in a tolerant state or a non-tolerating state. Formal Definition A DFA is a 5-tuple, (Q, Þâ £, ÃŽÂ', q0, F), comprising of a limited set of states (Q) a limited arrangement of information images called theâ alphabet

Science Term Paper Topics

Science Term Paper Topics Over the span of training †each understudy once in a blue moon is compelled to compose a science research paper. The entire idea of a quality science research paper is to portray and occasion that is planned for contemplating while class. So as to have the option to compose a significant science research project, you must have the option to hold onto the entire measure of data given to you while class and furthermore have the option to actualize something new. It doesn’t must be significantly new, yet at the same time a touch of innovation consistently improves a science research paper. So as to have the option to compose an ideal science research project an understudy has to know certain strategies and techniques. These tips are to a greater extent a general recommendation to each science research project, and each understudy needs to recollect them and continually remember them. At the point when you plunk down to compose a science research paper, the primary thing you may need recollect, that the entire procedure of composing a science research paper doesn't begin from composing the paper itself. The central matter of giving a science research paper task is to constrain you to design every one of your activities and investigates. The principal thing you need to do is plan the entire science research project, and ensure that the structure you have created is significant and relates to the subject of your science research paper. The science research project layout is by a long shot the most significant thing in your science research project as it suggests the manner in which the science research paper point will be uncovered, and the manner in which you are wanting to uncover it. You should not begin composing a science research paper without a legitimate science research paper structure. When building up a science research paper structure the principal thing you have to do is comprehend what you are expounding on. It is a general disarray of all amateur science research paper scholars. Numerous understudies begin composing right a way, and imagine that they will make sense of what they are expounding on later, and much of the time, it is possible that they understand they have been composing an inappropriate thing themselves, or the educator understands that while checking their paper. Take a stab at Googling your theme in advance, and ensure you realize the subject better than any other person. The entire thought of composing a science research project is to keep up a specific structure, so when you have built up the science research project diagram †attempt to abstain from hopping starting with one point then onto the next with no clarification. In the event that you see that the purposes of frameworks are not secured †attempt to reevaluate the entire section, and ensure the things you compose are justifiable and 100% clear. Continuously center around the primary concern of your science research paper, and abstain from whining around supporting focuses. The primary target is your principle thought and not the things you use to clarify your science research project. Science is a mind boggling thing, and much of the time it can entangled. With the goal for you to have the option to compose a decent reasonable paper you need to utilize simple words, all together for the peruser to be 100% in the theme, and not be diverted by utilizing the word reference or the web to comprehend a very straightforward book. The most exceedingly terrible issue is the point at which the essayist attempts to show that he is more astute than the peruser by utilizing extremely hard words, which are not required. You need to fundamentally assess your own content and ensure that the peruser will have the option to see each part of your science research paper. One of the most significant things recorded as a hard copy a research project on Science or some other research project of that issue is inventiveness. What's more, this is alluding not exclusively to the data you give in your science research paper, however the manner in which you give the data also. So as to be assessed at the best grades †attempt to locate your own style of composing and abstain from replicating somebody else’s. Your science research project will be sparkling with knowledge whether the content will be written in your own way, your own style, your own image. A decent method to build up your own style is to maintain a strategic distance from any reference, cites or referencing on the primary phase of composing a science research project. After you have assembled every one of your musings †you can begin looking for certain statements and reference to clean up your science research paper. Continuously maintain a strategic distance from written falsification. Also, unoriginality isn't just closeness, for example, duplicate sticking, yet considerations and thoughts too. You should have the option to frame your own perspective, and in the event that you despite everything choose to utilize somebody elses thoughts †consistently refer to them, or show as statements. A decent author consistently teaches the peruser, so you need to introduce something for the peruser to complete of your science research paper, and be certain it is valuable, and important. CustomWritings.com is consistently anxious to get you out with any science research paper themes you are given. On the off chance that you feel that you are in a urgent need of some research paper composing help †if it's not too much trouble make certain to approach CustomWritings.com and request help with your science research project.

Report Indicates Young Adults More Susceptible to Financial Scams than Seniors - OppLoans

Report Indicates Young Adults More Susceptible to Financial Scams than Seniors - OppLoans New Report Says Young Adults More Susceptible to Financial Scams than Seniors New Report Says Young Adults More Susceptible to Financial Scams than SeniorsBy Jessica EastoInside Subprime: November 22Historically, many studies have shown that senior citizens are targeted by financial scammers and at the highest risk to lose money from such scams. But according to a new report from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), young adults were 20 percent more likely to report losing money to fraud than those 60 years and older â€" they just didn’t lose as much.The report found that although older adults reported losing money to fraud less, seniors aged 80 years or older lost more money on average when they did report a costly scam. The median individual loss in that age group was $1,700, a figure four times higher than their 20- and 30-something counterparts. This was an increase compared to 2017 figures.According to the report, these figures suggest “that older adults may be more likely to avoid losing money when exposed to fraud, more inclined to report fraud when no loss has occurred, or a combination of these or other factors.”  Among the most common types of fraud reported by older adults were losing money on tech support scams; prize, sweepstakes, and lottery scams; and family and friend impersonation scams. Older adults were caught up in tech support scams the most of any scam, and were 371 percent more likely to report losing money to this scam than their younger counterparts. Total reported losses by seniors from this scam in 2018 was almost $21 million, according to FTC findings.Fraudsters most frequently use the phone to scam seniors.“This high rate of phone fraud reporting was driven largely by reported calls from government impostors, particularly Social Security Administration impostors,” the FTC report said. “In numerous instances, the scammers contacted the consumers daily, building relationships and creating trust. Frequently, large money losses occurred through multiple contacts over the course of weeks or months.”On the other hand, older adults were 64 percent less likely to report fraud from online shopping, the most frequently reported scam by those aged 20 to 59.  The FTC tracks and analyzes consumer data via what’s called its Consumer Sentinel Network. According to the report, “Sentinel is an online database that provides federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies with secure access to consumer reports on a wide variety of fraud-related topics.”Last year, the FTC made consumer reporting data more accessible by publishing Sentinel data each quarter online via its Explore Data interactive tool. According to the report, the tool “provides a more timely snapshot of what consumers are reporting and empowers users to explore data by fraud type.”For more information on scams, predatory lenders and payday loans, see our city and state financial guides including states and cities like California, Texas, Illinois and more.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn

5 Simple Ways to Improve a Boring Lesson

The key to teaching any student is to get them to be actively engaged in the lesson. Textbooks and worksheets have been a staple in classrooms for decades, but they can be extremely boring. Not only are they boring to the students, but they are boring for the teachers as well. Technology has made teaching and learning more engaging, but sometimes that may not be enough either. Although its quite possible to have a paperless classroom that is filled with appealing technology, its not always possible to keep students actively engaged. Here are 5 teacher-tested tricks to help you improve a boring lesson and keep your students engaged. Give Student Choice When students are given a choice they feel like they have some kind of control over what they are learning. Try asking students what they want to read, or give them an option on how they want to go about learning a topic or completing a project. For example, lets say that students have to read a book for a lesson but its a boring book. Give them the option of watching the movie, or acting out the book as well. If you are conducting a lesson and you want students to complete a project about it, then give them a few options, it will make it more interesting if they decide how they will complete the task, versus having you tell them what to do. Add Music The benefits of music are amazing; increased test scores, higher IQ, improved language development, and thats just to name a few. If you find that your lesson is boring, add music to it. You can basically add music to anything if you really think about it. Lets say that you are in the middle of a multiplication lesson and you find that students are getting extremely restless, add some music. Have students clap, snap, or stomp as they are saying the times tables. Every time they count, 5, 10, 15, 20... they will add a sound. Music can help you get out of any boring lesson, and get students back on track. Use Food Who doesnt like food? Food is the perfect option to make your boring lesson, a little less boring. Heres how. We will take the same example from above. You are working on a multiplication lesson and students are doing their times tables. Instead of adding rhythm and music, you can add food. For example, lets say students are trying to figure out what 4 x 4 is. Give each student enough gummy bears, grapes, fish crackers, or whatever other food you want to use and have them use the food to figure out the answer. If they get the answer right, they get to eat the food. Everyones got to eat, so why not make this lesson during snack time? Use Real-World Examples There is no better way to keep students engaged then to relate the lesson to something that they already know. If you are teaching fifth graders a social studies lesson, then try having students create a song by changing the lyrics of a popular artist to correlate with what they are learning. Use technology, popular celebrities, video games, musicians, or whatever else that is currently relevant to children to keep them interested. If you are teaching students about Rosa Parks, then find a real-world example to compare her journey to. Use Objects By objects, we mean anything from a tiny manipulative like a coin, to a magazine or an everyday item like a paper towel roll or piece of fruit. Here are a few examples of how you can use objects to increase student engagement and make your lessons less boring.

Behind The Seams Of Advertising - 1149 Words

Behind The Seams of Advertising We tend to run away from responsibilities, problems, and generally anything that we are trying to avoid. Advertisements, on the other hand, are something even the best marathoner cannot run away from. The Balega sock ad that was featured in the September 2016 issue of Runner’s World Magazine goes beyond selling seams for the soles of our feet. This ad features a blown up picture of the sock with a contrasting black background to the purple, blue, and white colors of the cloth. The intricacy of each thread is also edited in a way that catches your eye, and creates the illusion that this sock is top-of-the-line quality. The ad strategically has highly contrasting colors to grab the viewers attention, and short, simple text so that the ad does not lose the viewer’s interest in reading about what these socks have to offer. Not only does the text state the quality material of the sock that reaps new personal records, but it also states that e ach purchase supports local and national African causes. This emotional appeal does not only implicitly sell the idea that you are a person of morals for contributing to a cause, it also sells the idea that you will be able to achieve your goals of becoming a better runner by purchasing their socks. Something as innocent as socks sell deeper meanings beneath their threads. Adding to it’s innocence, there is a faint glow of white behind the picture of the sock to give off a halo affect. The affectShow MoreRelatedMarketing And Marketing Environment : Marketing Strategy And Planning, Execution, And Operations And Infrastructure1057 Words   |  5 Pagesmarketers to play multiple roles such as that of a strategist, technologist, and scientist. Until now, marketers experienced issues when marketing ambitions and the company’s capabilities are not paralleled. This gap has served as the driving force behind an innovative approach to marketing which combines the function o f marketing with all other functions that it intersects with such as sales, finance, IT, etc. This, however, presents problems such as break downs in communication, stalled processesRead MoreHarmful Effects On The Environment And Surrounding Agricultural Lands Are The Negative Externality Effects Associated With Coal Seam Gas1691 Words   |  7 Pagessurrounding agricultural lands are the negative externality effects associated with coal-seam gas. This stems from problems such as the exhaustion and/or contamination of clean water resources. 1b) As seen from figure one, negative externality creates a social marginal cost that is substantially higher than the actual level of coal-seam gas mining (private marginal cost). 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Making Up for a Big Behind A look at how Speedo s Aqualab team—which includes garment engineers, materials experts, and product developers—created LZR reflects not only how swimsuit design has advanced along with technology but also the cutthroat competition that propelsRead MoreSpeedo Innovation5178 Words   |  21 Pagesoverall U.S. swimwear market is $4.3 billion wholesale, according to market researcher the NPD Group. If you want the LZR, get ready to pay between $290 and $550 per suit when it becomes available to the general public in late June. Making Up for a Big Behind A look at how Speedos Aqualab team—which includes garment engineers, materials experts, and product developers—created LZR reflects not only how swimsuit design has advanced along with technology but also the cutthroat competition that propels companiesRead MoreEthical Proposal for Allsaints2978 Words   |  12 Pagesclothes appear to be lopsided on their design, but it looks well worn on. Other values of differentiation in the market are some of the clothing can be worn in multiple ways, and have very interesting cuts with asymmetrical or uneven finishing, with seams in unexpected places 2.3 Interior and Exterior Design of the Store It looks like a warehouse and underground concert venue with all bare brick wall and poor wooden flood and also the signature shop front stacked floor to ceiling with vintage

The War On Drugs, And Sale Of Illegal Drugs - 1865 Words

The usage, abuse, and sale of illegal drugs is an epidemic that has remained an unsolved problem of the United States. The biggest effort that the United States has launched in order to deal with rampancy of drug issues is the War on Drugs that was started by former president Richard Nixon. During its beginning, the War on Drugs was controversial due to the attitudes that were directed to drug users that were cultivated by the policies being set. In the present day, the War on Drugs is under scrutiny as being a trillion dollar failure. Those who advance that the War on Drugs was a failure in many regards are correct. Drug abuse, overdoses on drugs, and the availability of drugs is still a problem, if not more of a problem than it was in 1971. Undoubtedly, the amount of drug makers and sellers that have been arrested due to the War on Drugs has skyrocketed. Because of this feat that can be attributed to the policies developed from the War on Drugs, wouldn’t the War on Dr ugs be a success? The answer is no because the War on Drugs hasn’t fully undertaken the most important aspect of warring against drugs—targeting the conditions that breed drug users. United States law enforcement can send as many drug users and drug dealers as it can. Yet, the drug problem of America can never be properly addressed if the conditions that can lead one to use and sell drugs, poverty and broken family ties, are never attacked as they should be. Additionally, those who are in the cycleShow MoreRelatedMarijuana must Be Legalized941 Words   |  4 Pagestypically thinks of the roaring twenties. This was when the government prohibited the sale of alcohol. Looking back through history, we see trends from then happening today with the prohibition of marijuana and other drugs. Many people have many opinions if marijuana should be legalized or not. 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The Phenomenon of Horizontal Violence-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Identify and Critically reflect on a Personal Professional Practice experience of your choice that is different to the issue you covered in your semester topic presentation. The focus is on an issue that you believe may occur again during your transition to practice as a graduate registered nurse. Justify your selection of this topic area and its Importance. Answer: Horizontal violence (HV) is defined as an act of unwanted hostility or abuse occurring within the workplace (BecherVisovsky, 2012).Horizontal violence is a series of repeated conflicts that makes HV overwhelming, generating symptoms like depression and posttraumatic stress among the victims(BecherVisovsky, 2012). The phenomenon of HV is at times used interchangeably with the term lateral violence (Taylor,2016). When a nurse or a group of nurses expresses hostile or harmful behaviour toward a particular co-worker, then it is term as horizontal violence in nursing profession(Sheridan-Leos, 2008). The members of nursing profession belongs to oppressed group with the majority of the members are women. According to the theory of oppression, lack of power and lack of control over the work environment lead to the generation of HV within the profession of nursing (Johnston, Phanhtharath Jackson, 2009). In nursing profession the act of HV is complicated because HV is extensively ingrained in the workplace culture of nursing and thus the victim nurses who are experiencing or witnessing the same do not recognize it (Taylor,2016). HV which results out of cyclic acts of aggression towards the co-workers is also termed as workplace bullying. Here bullying means demeaning the employee, either publicly or privately. Here the main intension of the bullys is to cause psychological and physical stress to the victims (Vessey, DeMarcoDiFazio, 2011). Other behaviour that contributes horizontal violence include blaming, verbal fighting among the colleagues, criticizing, refusing to provide help, humiliation in a public place and undermining efforts (Dumont, Meisinger, Whitacre Corbin, 2012). Other threats are gossiping, isolation, threat, ignorance and making observable physical expression like rolling of eyes (Thomas Burk, 2009). HV perished dignity of an individual and this in turn is detrimental for the profession. HV has special implications over the students or the newly graduated nursing personnel who have mainly question regarding practical field of work and requires profession guidance in order to achieve their full potential in nursing profession. New graduate nurses who are the victims of HV face difficulties in achieving success due to complex workplace environmental conflict(Laschinger et al., 2010). Not only the team of newly graduates, HV hamper the equilibrium of nursing profession or the health care team. This damage is caused by ever widening rift between the nursing professionals or group of professionals. The effect of HV in turn indirectly affects the health and the quality of life of the patient (Roche et al., 2010). The victims of HV in nursing profession suffer from low self-esteem, anxiety, sleeping disorder and depression. All these side-effects are detrimental for nursing profession a nd effects the employee retention leading to poor patient : nurse ratio (Wilson et al., 2011; Weaver, 2013). This is due to the fact that the majority of the nurses who have become the victim of HV have considered leaving the profession and which have contributed to the shortage in national nursing. In the name of HV, important information related to patient care is either omitted or kept secret from the new attending graduate nurse. As a result, the victimised nurse falls in a poor position in front of the doctors and the family members of the patients. Not only this, patient, quality treatment and health is also compromised due to such acts. This negligence in patient care arising out of the lack of information may cost negatively to the patients, their family and the health care institute. Such condition may also inflict potential legal action against the guilty nurses and the overall condition can be staggering. Moreover, what more threatening is, HV has also inflicted suicidal behaviour. In spite to its wide spread detrimental effects, the majority of the incidence of HV remains unreported. Even with zero retaliation policies, victims are not aware of the appropriate steps to report against V. Moreover, the problem in employee retention and lack of quality care arising out of the HV has affected the health care institute financially. Moreover, this financial loss is further increased as a result of absenteeism, therapy for depression and anxiety and poor work performance. In this essay I will highlight a specific case of HV that I have experienced during my transition to practice as a graduate registered nurse under the 5Rs framework for reflection(Bain et al. 2002). Reporting: When I joined as a as a trainee nurse after by completion of graduate degree in nursing, I too became the victim of HV from my senior registered nurses refuse to corporate with me. I was attending a patient in a palliative care and the doctors asked me to replace his nasogastric tube. As a trainee nurse, I was not aware of the actual proceeding are the regulations that are required to be followed during the insertion of fine bore nasogastric tube. For obvious reasons, I was scared but when I approached by fellow colleagues, but they refuse to stretch their helping hands towards me. Since I was novice in this domain, the improper insertion of the tube caused aspiration associated dislodgement(Fine Bore Nasogastric Feeding Tubes for Adult Policy, 2017). The patient condition became extremely unstable and got further scared and then my seniors came in and controlled the entire situation. However, in return I got humiliation from the doctors, complains form the patient family and all these dragged my self-esteem to a negative parameter. Responding: This situation made me feel stupid and incapable. It destroyed my confidence to work as a nurse. I also felt isolated as none of my seniors approached me or helped me out when I was showcased for improper nasogastric tube insertion. I developed a fear of going to work as I was secretly ashamed of being bullied and at the same time confused as to how to fight back. I developed stress-related illness like nausea, headache, weight loss, depression, anxiety, insomnia, irritability and post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS)(Elena Losa Iglesias Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo, 2012). Such conditions gradually became more severe when their act of bullying continued or rather say increased. Whenever I passed through corridor of any ward, I saw certain physical gestures like rolling of eyes or verbal abuse coming against me. This further made me more isolated and affected my self-esteem. Relating: As time passed and I gradually understood that the problem of HVmight have originated from individual factors, environmental factors and other organisational factors(Rocker, 2008). Here individual factors include mental illness and female gender workers. Workplace environment, lack of safety measures and working with hostile and violent patients and their family membersfall under poor environmental factors (Vessey, DeMarcoDiFazio, 2011). Organisational factors include nurse shortage due to understaffing, lack of adequate resources and poor workgroup(Katrinli et al., 2010). Moreover, what I felt is bullying behaviour that is prevalent among the nurses is a kind of learned process. For example, the new nursing practitioner may indulgein the act of bullying others, common among the veteran nurses, just to gel with them, contributing towards the continuation of HV among the nursing profession(Rocker, 2008). Reasoning:When I interacted with the other fellow trainee nursesand friends of mine who are serving as a traineeI discovered that actual incidence and the occurrence of the HV among the nursing profession is underreported and unrecognised(Rocker, 2008). However, according to the report published by Stagg et al., in the year 2011, HV is widespread among the nurses in Australia with an estimated percentage of 65 to 80%. My friends reported that they felt humiliated as they gradually began to assimilate these kinds of demeaning behaviours into the workplace. Moreover, me and my friends in nursing field felt leaving the profession altogether with an increased level of absenteeism in order to avoid uncomfortable situation. I also found that verbal abuse has more significant impacts on self-esteem than the physical abuse in the domain of HV. As a trainee, we do not have a defined and approved social role, neither a fixed salary and nor a dedicated bond with specific nursing work and hence we become an easy prey of verbal abuse that lowersour self-esteem and morale(MagnavitaHeponiemi, 2011). Reconstructing: What I felt during my transition to registered nurse and subsequent experience of HV is that it is the role of the experienced professional nurse to maintain and attain work environments in consistent with the professional values(BecherVisovsky, 2012). Here, the nurses or the matrons who are serving as the nursing leaders must come forward to prevent these unhealthy activities via providing proper support and education (Becher Visovsky, 2012). They must also support the trainee nurse or newly graduate nurse via giving periodic feedback about their performance so that they can work on their weak areas while providing opportunities for further professional development. Senior registered nurses must also hold them and their experienced peers accountable for modelling acceptable professional behaviour. When any one of the team displays unprofessional behaviour, a proper corrective plan must be instituted. Moreover, a proper plan must be initiated to revamp the entire nur sing culture that preaches and supports the act of HV. I also feel that while approaching complains or allegations regarding HV, the assigned nurse leader must try to maintain a strict objective stance and thereby assess all the related facts. These nurse leaders must also be accustomed or aware about the organisational policies and must take appropriate disciplinary actions when any act of HV is found threatening the overall integrity in the workplace. Health managers in the workplace must also participate in the HV education and must keep their employees alert about the occurrence of the HV and how to report against it. Managers can also generate awareness among the staffs via making them aware about the policies that govern the professional code of conduct of nursing in Australia so that they can feel empowered to take necessary actions against HV (BecherVisovsky, 2012). According to Huntington et al., 2011, poor staffing along with increased patient acuity and decrease in resour ces lead to upliftment of stress and conflict and so good ratio to nurse :patient will help in the reduction of the incidence of HV. Manager must also take active steps in proper employee recruitment and employee retention.Another important aspect which can put an end of the HV in nursing profession is proper communication between the employees. These can be done via educational workshops that will enhance awareness in the field of HV and will simultaneously improve positive communication, which will result in better workplace environment with reduction in vacancy rates along with decrease in the incidence of HV (Ceravolo et al., 2012). References Bain, J. D., Ballantyne, R., Mills, C., Lester, N. C. (2002).Reflecting on practice: Student teachers' perspectives. Post Pressed. Becher, J., Visovsky, C. (2012).Horizontal violence in nursing.Medsurg nursing,21(4), 210. Ceravolo, D. J., Schwartz, D. G., FOLTZ?RAMOS, K. M., Castner, J. (2012). Strengthening communication to overcome lateral violence.Journal of Nursing Management,20(5), 599-606. Dumont, C., Meisinger, S., Whitacre, M. J., Corbin, G. (2012).Nursing2012 horizontal violence survey report.Nursing2016,42(1), 44-49. Elena Losa Iglesias, M., Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo, R. (2012). Prevalence of bullying at work and its association with self-esteem scores in a Spanish nurse sample.Contemporary nurse,42(1), 2-10. Fine Bore Nasogastric Feeding Tubes for Adult Policy. (2017) (pp. 1 to 8). Australia. Retrieved from https://www1.health.nsw.gov.au/pds/ActivePDSDocuments Huntington, A., Gilmour, J., Tuckett, A., Neville, S., Wilson, D., Turner, C. (2011). Is anybody listening? A qualitative study of nurses reflections on practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20(9-10), 1413-1422 Johnston, M., Phanhtharath, P., Jackson, B. S. (2009).The bullying aspect of workplace violence in nursing.Critical Care Nursing Quarterly,32(4), 287-295. Katrinli, A., Atabay, G., Gunay, G., Cangarli, B. G. (2010).Nurses perceptions of individual and organizational political reasons for horizontal peer bullying.Nursing Ethics,17(5), 614-627. Laschinger, H. K. S., Grau, A. L., Finegan, J., Wilk, P. (2010). New graduate nurses experiences of bullying and burnout in hospital settings.Journal of advanced nursing,66(12), 2732-2742. Magnavita, N., Heponiemi, T. (2011).Workplace violence against nursing students and nurses: an Italian experience.Journal of Nursing Scholarship,43(2), 203-210. Roche, M., Diers, D., Duffield, C., Catling?Paull, C. (2010).Violence toward nurses, the work environment, and patient outcomes.Journal of Nursing Scholarship,42(1), 13-22. Rocker, C. F. (2008).Addressing nurse-to-nurse bullying to promote nurse retention.Online Journal of Issues in Nursing,13(3). Sheridan-Leos, N. (2008). Understanding lateral violence in nursing.Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing,12(3), 399. Stagg, S.J., Sheridan, D., Jones, R.A., Speroni, K.G. (2011).Evaluation of a workplace bullying cognitive rehearsal program in a hospital setting. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 42(9), 395-401. doi:10.3928/00220124-20110823-45 Taylor, R. (2016). Nurses Perceptions of Horizontal Violence.Global qualitative nursing research,3, 2333393616641002. Thomas, S. P., Burk, R. (2009).Junior nursing students' experiences of vertical violence during clinical rotations.Nursing outlook,57(4), 226-231. Vessey, J. A., DeMarco, R., DiFazio, R. (2011).Bullying, harassment and horizontal violence in the nursing workforce.Annual review of nursing research,28(1), 133-157. Weaver, K. B. (2013). The effects of horizontal violence and bullying on new nurse retention.Journal for nurses in professional development,29(3), 138-142. Wilson, B. L., Diedrich, A., Phelps, C. L., Choi, M. (2011).Bullies at work: the impact of horizontal hostility in the hospital setting and intent to leave.Journal of Nursing Administration,41(11), 453-458.

Thomas More Essays (831 words) - Anglican Saints, Anti-Protestantism

Thomas More At the last debating whereof he made such arguments and reasons there against, that the King's demands were thereby overthrown. So that one of the King's privy chamber, named Mr. Tyler, being present thereat, brought word to the King out of the Parliament house, that a beardless boy had disappointed all his purposes. Whereupon the King conceiving great indignation towards him could not be satisfied until he had some way revenged it. And forasmuch as he nothing having, nothing could lose, his grace devised a causeless quarrel against his Father, keeping him in the Tower until he had paid him an hundred pounds fine. Shortly hereupon it fortuned that this Sir Thomas More coming in a suit to Dr. Fox, Bishop of Winchester, one of the King's privy council, they called him aside, and pretending great favour towards him, promised him that if he would be ruled by him, he would not fail but into the King's favour again to restore him, meaning, as it was after conjectured, to cause him thereby to confess his offence against the King, whereby his Highness might with better colour have occasion to revenge his displeasure against him. But when he came from the Bishop, he fell in communication with one Mr. Witford, his familiar friend, then chaplain to that Bishop and after a Father of Sion, and showed him what the Bishop had said unto him, desiring to have his advice therein, who for the passion of God prayed him in no wise to follow his counsel "for my Lord my Master (quoth he) to serve the King's turn will not stick to agree to his own father's death." So Sir Thomas More returned to the Bishop no more when Sir Thomas More had remained in the Tower a little more than a month, my wife, longing to see her father, by her earnest suit at length gat leave to go to him. At whose coming (after the seven psalms and litany said, which whensoever she came to him, ere he fell in talk of any worldly matters, he used accustomably to say with her) among other communication he said unto her, prolific letter writer Since More was a practising lawyer and politician for most of his adult life he was allowed to correspond with his eldest daughter Margaret Roper (who was also allowed to visit him in prison) Within two weeks of More's death (6 July 1535), an eye-witness account of More's final trial and execution written , for a different view of the relationships between the various accounts of More's execution.] More served Henry faithfully in some of the most trying times the English court has ever known, and when he refused to attend Anne Boleyn's coronation ceremony he knew what was in store. He was later requested to take an oath acknowledging Henry the supreme head of the Church in England, and when he (as a loyal Roman Catholic) refused he was tried and convicted of treason. This essay has indicated that the humanists were concerned with developing a noble style in their oral and written communication. They were also concerned with their style of behavior. They valued witty behavior, and especially a witty jest ; and they immensely admired a quality of polished urbanity when it was manifest in difficult situations. One way of summing this up would be to say that the humanists admired a man who never "lost his cool." According to William Roper, More's son-in-law and biographer, Sir Thomas More even quipped at the time of his death. To one of his attendants at the foot of the shaky scaffold More said, "I pray you, Master Lieutenant, see me safe up, and for my coming down let me shift for myself." And when the executioner begged his pardon, More embraced him and said to him "pluck up thy spirits, man, and be not afraid to do thine office." Finally, as he was laying his head upon the block, he begged the executioner stay until he had removed his beard, saying that it had never committed any treason. The execution of More in 1535 shocked and dismayed humanists throughout Europe. Their hopes blasted by nationalism, religious faction and royal pride, it became impossible for men like More and Erasmus, to prevail. The succeeding generation of humanists tended, like Francis Petrarch earlier, to be more cautious, more deferential to established power and doctrine. Sir Thomas More considered becoming a Carthusian monk, but chose instead the active life of law and public service. After

Profile of Women in the United States in 2000

Profile of Women in the United States in 2000 In March 2001, the U.S. Census Bureau observed Womens History Month by releasing a detailed set of statistics on women in the United States. The data came from the 2000 Decennial Census, the Current Population Survey of the year 2000, and the year 2000 Statistical Abstract of the United States. Education Equality 84% The percentage of women age 25 and over with a high school diploma or more, which equals the percentage for men. The college degree attainment gap between the sexes had not closed completely, but it was closing. In 2000, 24% of women age 25 and over had a bachelors degree or higher, compared with 28% of men. 30% The percentage of young women, ages 25 to 29, who had completed college as of 2000, which exceeded the 28% of their male counterparts who had done so. Young women also had higher high school completion rates than young men: 89% versus 87%. 56% The proportion of all college students in 1998 who were women. By2015, the U.S. Department of Education reported that more women than men were completing college. 57% The proportion of masters degrees awarded to women in 1997. Women also represented 56% of the people awarded bachelors degrees, 44% of the law degrees, 41% of the medical degrees and 41% of the doctorates. 49% The percentage of bachelors degrees awarded in business and management in 1997 that went to women. Women also received 54% of the biological and life sciences degrees. But Income Inequality Remains   In 1998, the median yearly earnings of women 25 years and over who worked fulltime, year-round was $26,711, or just 73% of the $36,679 earned by their male counterparts. While both men and women with college degrees realize higher lifetime earnings,   men working fulltime, year-round consistently earned more than comparable women in each of the education levels: The median earnings of women with a high school diploma were $21,963, compared with $30,868 for their male counterparts.The median earnings of women with a bachelor’s degree were $35,408, compared with $49,982 for their male counterparts.The median earnings of women with a professional degree was $55,460, compared with $90,653 for their male counterparts. Earnings, Income, and Poverty $26,324 The 1999 median earnings of women working full-time, year-round. In March 2015, the U.S. Government Accountability Office reported that while the gap was closing, women still made less than men doing similar work. 4.9% The increase between 1998 and 1999 in the median income of family households maintained by women with no spouse present ($24,932 to $26,164). 27.8% The record-low poverty rate in 1999 for families made up of a female householder with no husband present. Jobs 61% The percentage of women age 16 and over in the civilian labor force in March 2000. The percentage for men was 74%. 57% The percentage of the 70 million women age 15 and over who worked at some point in 1999 that were full-time year-round workers. 72% The percentage of women age 16 and over in 2000 who worked in one of four occupational groups: administrative support, including clerical (24%); professional specialty (18%); service workers, except private household (16%); and executive, administrative and managerial (14%). Population Distribution 106.7 million The estimated number of women age 18 and over living in the United States as of Nov. 1, 2000. The number of men 18 and over was 98.9 million. Women outnumbered men in every age group, from ages 25 and over and up. There were 141.1 million females of all ages. 80 years The projected life expectancy for women in 2000, which was higher than the life expectancy for men (74 years.). Motherhood 59% The record-high percentage of women with infants under the age of 1 in 1998 who were in the labor force, almost double the 31% rate of 1976. This compares with 73% of mothers ages 15 to 44 in the labor force that same year who did not have infants. 51% The 1998 percentage of married-couple families with children in which both spouses worked. This is the first time since the Census Bureau started recording fertility information that these families were the majority of all married-couple families. The rate in 1976 was 33%. 1.9 The average number of children women 40 to 44 years old in 1998 had by the end of their childbearing years. This contrasts sharply with women in 1976, who averaged 3.1 births. 19% The proportion of all women ages 40 to 44 who were childless in 1998, up from 10 percent in 1976. During the same time, those with four or more children declined from 36 percent to 10 percent. Marriage and Family 51% The percentage of women 15 years old and over in 2000 who were married and living with their spouse. Of the rest, 25 percent had never married, 10%t were divorced, 2% were separated and 10 percent were widowed. 25.0 years The median age at first marriage for women in 1998, more than four years older than the 20.8 years just a generation ago (1970). 22% The proportion in 1998 of 30- to 34-year-old women who had never married triple the rate in 1970 (6 percent). Similarly, the proportion of never-married women increased from 5 percent to 14 percent for 35-to-39-year-olds over the period. 15.3 million The number of women living alone in 1998, double the number in 1970 7.3 million.The percentage of women who lived alone rose for almost every age group. The exception was those aged 65 to 74, where the percentage was statistically unchanged. 9.8 million The number of single mothers in 1998, an increase of 6.4 million since 1970. 30.2 million The number of households in 1998 about 3 in 10 maintained by women with no husband present. In 1970, there were 13.4 million such households, about 2 in 10. Sports and Recreation 135,000 The number of women taking part in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)-sanctioned sports during the 1997-98 school year; women constituted 4 in 10 participants in NCAA-sanctioned sports. The 7,859 NCAA-sanctioned womens teams exceeded the number of mens teams. Soccer had the most female athletes; basketball, the most womens teams. 2.7 million The number of girls taking part in high school athletic programs during the 1998-99 school year triple the number in 1972-73. Participation levels by boys remained about the same during this time frame, about 3.8 million in 1998-99. Computer Use 70% The percentage of women with access to a computer at home in 1997 who used it; the rate for men was 72%. The home computer-use gender gap between men and women has shrunk considerably since 1984 when mens home computer use was 20 percentage points higher than that of women. 57% The percentage of women who used a computer on the job in 1997, 13 percentage points higher than the percentage of men who did so. Voting 46% Among citizens, the percentage of women who voted in the 1998 mid-term congressional elections; that was better than the 45% of men who cast their ballots. This continued a trend that had started in 1986. The preceding facts came from the 2000 Current Population Survey, population estimates, and the 2000 Statistical Abstract of the United States. The data are subject to sampling variability and other sources of error.

Inflation Control by Government of UK Economy Essay

Inflation Control by Government of UK Economy - Essay Example The rate of overall fixed capital formation in the UK is depressed by the very low level of public investment. During the 1970s and much of the 1980s the UK endured persistently high inflation. Despite high levels of unemployment, wage increases in the 1980s exceeded productivity growth, provoking strong upward pressure on prices. The boom of the late 1980s created a new inflationary surge, painfully controlled only by high interest rates and the early 1990s recession. Since then, however, the UK's inflation performance has improved markedly. The government has preferred measure of inflation, the RPIX (which excludes mortgage interest payments), has fluctuated within a narrow range in recent years and even came in below the official central target of 2.5% in 1999-2001. Meanwhile, inflation as measured by the EU's harmonised index averaged just 1.2% over 2001, the lowest rate in the EU. Two aspects of the UK's recent inflation performance are worth recording, however. The first is that there has been a significant divergence since mid-1998 between goods and service sector inflation, with the latter accounting for most of the increase in the consumer price index. In fact, in many parts of the goods sector (notably clothing, footwear and audio-visual equipment); prices actually fell in 2000 and 2001. A second aspect worth noting is the sharp (and probably unsustainable) appreciation of sterling's trade-weighted exchange rate since 1996, which has exerted considerable downward pressure on import prices. This paper discusses the inflation control methodologies in United Kingdom from 1994 to 2004. It shall also discuss how UK has managed its inflation in the last few decades. The paper shall also provide recommendations for inflation control by effective governance. Historical Monetary and Fiscal policies of UK Monetary policy The UK has experimented with numerous frameworks for monetary policy over the past 15 years. In the 1980s, the Conservative government tried in vain to target various measures of the money supply, before deciding to target the exchange rate. After "tracking" the D-mark in the late 1980s, the UK joined the EU's exchange-rate mechanism (ERM) in October 1990, only to be ejected two years later, in September 1992, when speculative pressures forced sterling out of the ERM. Following its exit, the UK was one of the first OECD countries to adopt inflation control. An inflation target range of 1-4% was initially set, but responsibility for setting interest rates remained with the government. When the Labour government came to power in 1997, its first significant decision was to grant operational independence for setting interest rates to a newly constituted Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) within the Bank of England. The responsibility fo

Concert Report Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concert Report - Personal Statement Example Throughout this movement, imitative polyphony was the predominant texture as the melody created in the woodwinds was echoed by various other instruments especially the periodic feedbacks of the electric guitar played like a raw rock star by Kirk Hammet. The two songs played by the band were Nothing Else Matters and the most famous of their all, Master of Puppets. Through the experience of hearing these two very different works, I was able to comprehend the talents of the musicians. The very first performance by the one of the most famous band rouse a feeling of eagerness in the audience to listen more of their songs in the Apollo, but they left with striking sounds. (Wikipedia. /Metallica) The night could not have been made more rocking and entertaining once the heart throb of millions and my personal favorite of all female singers Madonna came to festoon the night. Smoke machines, lasers and all kinds of components which contribute collectively in producing a psychedelic show. She started her reign on stage with her all time favorite track Ray of Light followed by Hard Candy, Me against the Music and Miles Away. This portion was characterized by its dark and somber tone. The absence of the drums heard earlier left a weak beat and a suppressed meter. (Wikipedia. Madoona)

Tennagers are ready for adulthood and the responbility Essay Example for Free

Tennagers are ready for adulthood and the responbility Essay Tennagers are ready for adulthood and the responbility it bring them. In this essay i will talk about why they are ready for the resbonbility also I will give you proof of their responbility. Working proves thie responblility because they have to concentrate on the job at hand to get paid and they always have to be on time. Since they working for their own pocket they dont need to ask their parents for money and this to happen they have to be responbile and to my account they are. They are at the legal age of getting their licenses so they can can get a car or a motorbike as a transport so they dont need to depend on their parents to take them anywhere. Having vechiles means they have to clean it and maintain it so it looks good for me showing this means they are not wasting and planning ahead. People around them, Family and friends respect them for what choices they make in the future or made in the past. So this shows that people can trust them to make the right choices for their sake and others. This gives me an insight on how they are maturing and becoming a role model to others. They learn from their own and others mistakes so they dont repeat them ever again in their life. Which shows they are open minded and are ready to learn new things. They do some voluntary work at old age home and orphanages to help out with the people and befriend them. In my account this shows that they can take care of other and themselves and others at the same time. Some teenagers do act like childrens at some point and do some stupid things that are reckless which leads to crimnal records or end up in the hospital Eg.drunk and driving. So for those teens I have to disagree because they are not ready to take on the responbility that comes with adulthood. In this Essay I have summarised on why teenagers are ready for adulthood which are on how they work, Have respect from others, Can get their licenses , Doing voluntary work, They learn from mistakes and Why they are not ready for adulthood. I think I have left you with something to think about so Telling a teenager the facts of life is like giving a fish a bath. ~Arnold H. Glasow

Media Bias Essay -- News Media Television Biased Opinion Essays

Media Bias Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One problem that plagues us everyday without us even realizing it is media bias. We see it in the news. We see it on our favorite sitcoms. We read it everyday in the paper. Yet, we really don't recognize it when we hear it or see it. Media bias is evident in every aspect of the media, yet the problem is that we don't even recognize it when it is right in front of our faces. Are the impressions that we form about individuals a product of the media? Do we form certain opinions about particular types of people based solely on the things we see and hear in the media everyday without even realizing it? The problem is not only that there is media bias present, but also that we can't recognize it when we see it. What is media bias? Media bias is the tendency for the media to represent different people in a particular way based on their own views, the views of their sponsors, and possibly the views of society. Media bias could be blatant, but usually it is subtle. It can be expressed in the content of television shows. It can be expressed in the choices of types of stories that they show on the news. It can be expressed in the language used on shows, and that is written in the newspaper and magazines. Media bias is any stereotype set forth by the media that portrays individuals to society in a certain way. Media bias doesn?t even have to be a negative portrayal, but more of an inaccurate portrayal of people that helps aid to the ignorance of individuals in society. In the following paper, I will give specific instances where media biases have occurred as well as show that it is a common occurrence that we may not realize. I will also show you why individuals believe that media bias is not a problem because if you can?t blatantly recognize it, how can it be there. I will also show how stereotypes set forth by the media sometimes mirror stereotypes that are set forth by society, and they only exist to help form the belief and value system of society. I will also offer possible solutions to such problems. Media bias is a large problem, in that its? existence is not blatant nor is it one that many people feel threatened by. Examples of Media Bias   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First we need to examine the cases where this is present. Less obvious stereotypes are those of women. Women?s roles in society have changed throughout the times. Are the... ... making it a requirement that so many community based programs or positive things are shown on the news each segment. The elimination of media bias is pretty much impossible due to the fact that large corporations head the media, and the heads of most large corporations are white men, but by the implementation of certain strategies it would be a move in the right direction. Media bias is a problem, though it may not be blatant, it is serious because it could be helping to form people?s beliefs about others. People are scared of the unknown, and by giving them a certain portrayal of someone they have had no interaction with; it can have detrimental effects. Who knows actually what impact media bias has had on the nation as a whole. How do we know whether or not media bias has made an individual not get or even lose a job? How do we know how many friendships media bias has stopped from even being initiated? Hopefully one day we will be able to recognize what media bias is, only then will we be able to begin the process of fighting to put an end to it. Only then will we be able to create a fair, unbias ed media that is diverse and one that encompasses the ideas of an ideal media.

Improving Student Test Scores Utilizing Brain

Improving Student Test Scores Utilizing Brain-Based Learning People often say that everyone can learn. Every person is born with a brain that functions as an immensely powerful processor. Brain-based learning offers some direction for educators who want more purposeful, informed teaching. This paper will provide information on how brain-based learning works. In addition, discuss how brain-based learning is improving student test scores. Lastly, provide research findings on the benefits of brain-based learning. Creating stress-free environments, enhancing complex cognitive skills, and understanding memory become essential in brain-based learning. Receiving, encoding, storing, and retrieving information make sense as the memory pathways are defined. Assessing student learning becomes the simple task of accessing the same methods that were used for teaching. The more we understand the brain, the better we will be able to educate it. Brain-Based Learning (definition) Brain-based learning is the informed process of using a group of practical strategies that are driven by sound principles derived from brain research. Brain-based education is defined by three words, engagement, strategies, and principles. It is learning in accordance with the way the brain is naturally designed to learn (Jensen, 2008). The overall goal of brain-based education is to attempt to bring insights from brain research into the arena of education to enhance teaching and learning. The area of science often referred to as brain research typically includes neuroscience studies that probe the patterns of cellular development in various brain areas; and brain imaging techniques, with the latter including functional MRI scans and positron-emission tomography scans that allow scientists to examine patterns of activity in the wake, thinking, human brain. These brain imaging techniques allow scientists to examine activity within various areas of the brain as a person engages in mental actions such as attending, learning, and remembering. Proponents of brain-based education espouse a iverse group of educational practices and approaches, and they generally attempt to ground claims about effective practice in recently discovered facts about the human brain. They argue that there has been an unprecedented explosion of new findings related to the development and organization of the human brain and that the current state of this work can inform educational practice in meaningful ways. Advances in brain science led brain-based educator David A. Sousa to proclaim that â€Å"no longer is teaching just an art form, it is a science† (Sousa, 1998). Principles of Brain-Compatible Learning that have Emerged from Brain Research. Educators who have a background in the neurobiology of learning and memory have a distinct advantage in their classrooms. By following the brain-based teaching principles we can create an enriched, brain-compatible environment and effectively counter such existing negative influences as stress, sleep deprivation, and poor nutrition. According to Ronal Kotulak in his 1996 book â€Å"Inside the Brain†, an enriched environment can contribute up to 25% increase in the number of brain connections both early and later in life. Our environments need to allow for active manipulation. To summarize, there are at least twelve principles of brain-compatible learning that have emerged from brain research. 1. Uniqueness-every sing brain is totally unique. 2. Impact of threat of high stress can alter and impair learning and even kill brain cells. 3. Emotions are critical to learning-they drive attention, health, learning and memory. 4. Information is stored and retrieved through multiple memory and neural pathways. 5. All learning is mind-body-movement, foods, attention cycles, all have powerful effects. 6.  The brain is a complex and adaptive system-effective change involves the entire system. 7. Patterns and programs drive our understanding-intelligence is the ability to construct patterns. 8. The brain is meaning-driven-meaning is more important to the brain that information. 9. Learning is often rich and non-conscious-we process both parts simultaneously. 10. The brain develops better in concert with other brains. 11. The brain develops with various stage of readiness. 12. Enrichment-the brain and grow new connections at any age. Cognitive skills develop better with music and motor skills (Kotulak, 1996). Three Instructional Techniques Associated with Brain-Based Learning. Orchestrated immersion-creating leaning environments that fully immerse students in an educational experience. The idea is to take information off the blackboard to bring it to life in the minds of students. Orchestrated immersion provides learners with rich, complex experiences that include options and a sense of wholeness. Relaxed alertness-trying to eliminate fear in learners, whole maintaining a highly challenging environment. It is a dynamic state that is compatible with great deal of change. Relaxed alertness ensures that students are being challenged within a context of safety. It also includes a personal sense of well-being that allows students to explore new thoughts and connections. Active processing- Allowing the learner to consolidate and internalize information by actively processing it. It is the path to understanding, rather than simply to memory. Active processing necessarily engages emotions, concepts and values (Caine & Caine, 1994). How Brain-Based Learning Impacts Education. There are three ways that brain-based learning impacts education through curriculum, instruction, and assessment. Curriculum- teachers must design learning around student interests and make learning contextual. Instruction- educators let students learn in teams and use peripheral learning. Teachers structure learning around real problems, encouraging students to also learn in setting outside the classroom and the school building. Assessment-since all students are learning, their assessment should allow to understand their own learning styles and preferences, this way, students monitor and enhance their own learning process (Jensen, 1998). What Brain-Based Learning Suggests. How the brain works has a significant impact on what kinds of learning activities are most effective. Educators need to help students have appropriate experiences and capitalize on those experiences. As Renate Caine points out in her book Making Connections, three interactive elements are essential to his process. Teachers must immerse learners in complex, interactive experiences that are both rich and real. One excellent example is immersing students in a foreign culture to teach them a second language. Educators must take advantage of the brain’s ability to parallel process. Students must have a personally meaningful challenge. Such challenges stimulate a student’s mind to the desired state of alertness. In order for a student to gain insight about a problem, there must be intensive analysis of the different ways to approach it, and about learning in general. This is what’s known as the â€Å"active processing of experience. † A few other tenets of brain-based learning include: Feedback is best when it comes from reality, rather than from an authority figure. People learn best when solving realistic problems. The big picture can’t be separated from the details. Because every brain is different, educators should allow learners to customize their won environments. The best problem solvers are those that laugh (Caine & Caine, 1994). Most neuroscientists believe that at birth the human brain has all the neurons it will ever have. Some connections, those that control such automatic functions as breathing and heartbeat, are in place at birth, but most of the individual’s mental circuitry results from experiences that greet the newborn and continue, probably, throughout his or her life. Some researchers believe the circuits are completed by age five or six. Other studies extend the period of development from birth to the later elementary school years. Still others argue that nerve connections can be modified throughout life with new connections forming perhaps even late in life. The links between learning, the number of neural connections, or the time frame for development of those connections are not clearly understood. These and other findings encourage educators and parents to expose very young children to a variety of learning experiences-providing blocks and beads to handle and observe, talking to the child, playing peek-a-boo. How does Brain-Based Learning Improve Student Test Scores. Recent scientific studies about the brain and how it learns have given educational leaders and teachers new insights about teaching and learning. Recently, educators have explored links between classroom teaching and emerging theories about how people learn. Exciting discoveries in neuroscience and continue developments in cognitive psychology have presented new ways of thinking about the brain-the human neurological structure and the attendant perceptions and emotions that contribute to learning. Brain-based research also discusses the school environment that is best for optimal learning to occur. According to Dr. Petrie and Dr. Chan in their article, â€Å"The Brain Learns Better in Well-Designed School Environments, â€Å" optimal learning takes place in well-ventilated classrooms, which offer plenty of water for students to drink. In addition, students learn best in bright warm colored well-lit environments that offer challenging activities including visual and performing arts, physical activity, and real life situations (Chan & Petrie, 1998). Summary of Findings: A study Conducted by the Education Trust in 1998, done in collaboration with the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO), demonstrates those qualities which appear to be necessary to promote student achievement. Such qualities demonstrate how teaching to higher standards can be effective when appropriate support. This work analyzed data collected from 1200 high performing high poverty elementary schools in 21 states. The study concluded that high performing; high poverty schools tend to use state standards extensively to design curriculum and instruction, assess student work, and evaluate teachers. Over 80% of the successful schools in this study were using state standards to design instruction, assess student work and evaluate teachers. In the great majority of top performing schools in this study, extended learning time in the areas of math and reading was provided for their students. In addition, to crease student achievement, these schools often devoted a larger proportion of funds to support professional development focused on changing instructional practice. The school in this study appeared to be making greater progress than lower performing schools in creating greater opportunities for teacher to obtain training in those areas determined to be important to helping students achieve. It was noted that a majority of schools implemented comprehensive systems to monitor individual student progress and provide extra support to students as soon as it’s needed. 80% of the schools in this study had systematic ways to identify and provide early support to students in danger of falling behind in the academic progress. It was obvious in this study that the more uccessful schools focus their efforts to involve parents on helping students meet standards; the traditional role of parents in schools is that to provide support in fund raising efforts. In the majority of the schools in this study, parents were given opportunities to increase their knowledge of the standards, be involved in curriculum and in reviewing students’ work. Lastly, it was clearly observed that these successful schools have state and district accountability systems in place that have real consequences for adults in schools (The Education Trust, Inc. 1999). Teachers can no longer ignore the findings and implications of brain-based research in the educational environment. The cognitive development of children is affected by a multitude of diverse factors, but educators have been slow to recognize the impact that brain-based research provides in our awareness of the role of the brain in learning Findings suggests that heredity provides 30-60 percent of our brain’s wiring, while 40-70 percent is due to environmental factors (Jensen, 1998). Teachers and educational leaders need to develop a biological understanding of how the brain works. In order for student achievement to continue, principals must look at all aspects of instructional strategies. Understanding the brain’s ability to grow and adapt in response to stimuli increases our ability to develop meaningful relevant lessons, which challenge students and broaden their comprehension of their world. Developing interdisciplinary instruction allows the brain to develop patterns and thus increases student learning. Learning to apply brain research in the classroom helps teachers gain a deeper understanding of how students learn and to develop challenging lessons that stimulate the brain. All in all, understanding how the brain functions is just one more way to help students achieve. In conclusion, scientists caution that the brain is complex and, while research has revealed some significant findings, there is no widespread agreement about their applicability to the general population or to education in particular. Nevertheless, brain research provides rich possibilities for education and reports of students from this field have become popular topics in some educational journals. Enterprising organizations are translating these finding into professional development workshops and instructional programs to help teachers apply lessons from the research to classroom settings. Every person is born with a brain that functions as an immensely powerful processor. The more we understand the brain, the better we will be able to educate it.

Separation Between Church And State - 1081 Words

Over the years many things have changed, the clothes people wear, the music they listen to and the cars the drive. We live in a society where things can change in the blink of an eye, but is change always good? Could things change because things have been taken out of context? That is just what has happened to Thomas Jefferson. Has the true meaning of Thomas Jefferson’s â€Å"Separation between Church and State† taken out of context today? One side defends that the true context remains intact. Saying that religion should play no part in the government what so ever. Saying that a political leadership based on religious convictions can harm the freedom of citizens who do not belong to the majority religion. Arguing that religion-based attempts to limit reproductive rights have been particularly contentious in America. A Connecticut law banning the use of contraceptives was struck down by the Supreme Court in 1965. A similar Massachusetts law was defeated in 1972, followed the next year by the court s landmark Roe v. Wade ruling that a woman has the right to choose abortion. They also argue that the government should not allow prayer to be in schools. Praising the 1962, the U.S. Supreme Court banning of prayer and religious readings from public schools. Saying that school prayer assumes that all students believe in God, and that a given prayer might be applicable to all different faiths that could be practiced among students. It is much more likely that the typical prayer orShow MoreRelatedThe Separation Between Church And State1492 Words   |  6 Pages The separation between church and state ultimately preserves moderation within society and withholds an individual’s right of the first amendment. One to exercise his or her free right of religion stands as rights both alienable, natural right, and unalienable, God-given right. 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Today it doesn’t seem like churches are being protected as much in a city level, let alone the government being protected from the church. At certain points the U.S federal government system still works the way our founding fathers’ intendedRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesSeparation of church and state is a defined as, the understanding of the intent, and function of the Establishment Clause, and Free Exercise Clause. The Combination of church and state has been a topic that, many generations have struggled with for centuries. The first amendment of the constitution states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law about our religious beliefs, or prohibiting our free exercise of religion† If we put our faith in the constitution to define the founding father’s standpoint ofRead MoreEssay on The Separation of Church and State1043 Words   |  5 PagesThe Separation of Church and State America wastes a lot of time trying to create a democracy completely absent of the moral expectations that our ancestors have put into place. Our founding fathers’ dream of establishing a country in which all people would be accepted has begun to fall. In our attempt to rid our country of a democracy contaminated with any belief in a supreme power, we have rid ourselves of many of our values and morals. Perhaps it is impossible for religion to dominate our